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Ancient Asia-Minor & Levant

50,000BC 10,000BC 3,000BC 500AD
 
                  
Hattian
Early Bronze Age Cyprus
Middle Bronze Age Cyprus
Old Hittite Kingdom
Mycenaean Greece
New Hittite Kingdom
Phrygia
Ancient Cyprus
House of David
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Neo-Babylonian Empire
Achaemenid Empire
Alexandrian Empire
Kingdom of Armenia
Attalid Dynasty
Armenian Empire
Roman Empire
Eastern (Byzantine) Roman Empire
 
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A_1_7 A_2_7 A_3_7 A_4_7 A_5_7 A_6_7 A_7_7 A_8_7 A_9_7 A_10_7
A_1_8 A_2_8 A_3_8 A_4_8 A_5_8 A_6_8 A_7_8 A_8_8 A_9_8 A_10_8
A_0_9 A_1_9 A_2_9 A_3_9 A_4_9 A_5_9 A_6_9 A_7_9 A_8_9 A_9_9 A_10_9
A_0_10 A_1_10 A_2_10 A_3_10 A_4_10 A_5_10 A_6_10 A_7_10 A_8_10 A_9_10 A_10_10
A_0_11 A_1_11 A_2_11 A_3_11 A_4_11 A_5_11 A_6_11 A_7_11 A_8_11 A_9_11 A_10_11
A_0_12 A_1_12 A_2_12 A_3_12 A_4_12 A_5_12 A_6_12 A_7_12 A_8_12 A_9_12 A_10_12
A_0_13 A_1_13 A_2_13 A_3_13 A_4_13 A_5_13 A_6_13 A_7_13 A_8_13 A_9_13 A_10_13
A_0_14 A_1_14 A_2_14 A_3_14 A_4_14 A_5_14 A_6_14 A_7_14 A_8_14 A_9_14 A_10_14
Zagros Mountains
Euphrates
Tigris
A_1_0 A_2_0 A_3_0 A_4_0 A_5_0 A_6_0 A_7_0 A_8_0 A_9_0 A_10_0
A_0_1 A_1_1 A_2_1 A_3_1 A_4_1 A_5_1 A_6_1 A_7_1 A_8_1 A_9_1 A_10_1
A_0_2 A_1_2 A_2_2 A_3_2 A_4_2 A_5_2 A_6_2 A_7_2 A_8_2 A_9_2 A_10_2
A_0_3 A_1_3 A_2_3 A_3_3 A_4_3 A_5_3 A_6_3 A_7_3 A_8_3 A_9_3 A_10_3
A_0_4 A_1_4 A_2_4 A_3_4 A_4_4 A_5_4 A_6_4 A_7_4 A_8_4 A_9_4 A_10_4
A_0_5 A_1_5 A_2_5 A_3_5 A_4_5 A_5_5 A_6_5 A_7_5 A_8_5 A_9_5 A_10_5
A_0_6 A_1_6 A_2_6 A_3_6 A_4_6 A_5_6 A_6_6 A_7_6 A_8_6 A_9_6 A_10_6
Zagros Mountains
Euphrates
Tigris
A_1_7 A_2_7 A_3_7 A_4_7 A_5_7 A_6_7 A_7_7 A_8_7 A_9_7 A_10_7
A_1_8 A_2_8 A_3_8 A_4_8 A_5_8 A_6_8 A_7_8 A_8_8 A_9_8 A_10_8
A_0_9 A_1_9 A_2_9 A_3_9 A_4_9 A_5_9 A_6_9 A_7_9 A_8_9 A_9_9 A_10_9
A_0_10 A_1_10 A_2_10 A_3_10 A_4_10 A_5_10 A_6_10 A_7_10 A_8_10 A_9_10 A_10_10
A_0_11 A_1_11 A_2_11 A_3_11 A_4_11 A_5_11 A_6_11 A_7_11 A_8_11 A_9_11 A_10_11
A_0_12 A_1_12 A_2_12 A_3_12 A_4_12 A_5_12 A_6_12 A_7_12 A_8_12 A_9_12 A_10_12
A_0_13 A_1_13 A_2_13 A_3_13 A_4_13 A_5_13 A_6_13 A_7_13 A_8_13 A_9_13 A_10_13
A_0_14 A_1_14 A_2_14 A_3_14 A_4_14 A_5_14 A_6_14 A_7_14 A_8_14 A_9_14 A_10_14
Zagros Mountains
Euphrates
Tigris
A_1_0 A_2_0 A_3_0 A_4_0 A_5_0 A_6_0 A_7_0 A_8_0 A_9_0 A_10_0
A_0_1 A_1_1 A_2_1 A_3_1 A_4_1 A_5_1 A_6_1 A_7_1 A_8_1 A_9_1 A_10_1
A_0_2 A_1_2 A_2_2 A_3_2 A_4_2 A_5_2 A_6_2 A_7_2 A_8_2 A_9_2 A_10_2
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A_0_4 A_1_4 A_2_4 A_3_4 A_4_4 A_5_4 A_6_4 A_7_4 A_8_4 A_9_4 A_10_4
A_0_5 A_1_5 A_2_5 A_3_5 A_4_5 A_5_5 A_6_5 A_7_5 A_8_5 A_9_5 A_10_5
A_0_6 A_1_6 A_2_6 A_3_6 A_4_6 A_5_6 A_6_6 A_7_6 A_8_6 A_9_6 A_10_6
Zagros Mountains
Euphrates
Tigris
 
Ur
Ur
Ur
Ur

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 Hattian

Start: 2300 BC
End: 1700 BC
Type: Culture

 Early Bronze Age Cyprus

Start: 2300 BC
End: 1900 BC
Type: Archaeology
Note: Philia culture

 Middle Bronze Age Cyprus

Start: 1900 BC
End: 1600 BC
Type: Archaeology
Note: Kingdom of Alashiya
Industry: Bronze

 Old Hittite Kingdom

Start: 1700 BC
End: 1400 BC
Type: Dynasty
Note: Old Kingdom
Language: Hittite (Indo-European)
Industry: Bronze Age

 Mycenaean Greece

Start: 1556 BC
End: 1060 BC
Type: Culture
Note: Late Helladic
Language: Mycenaean (Indo-European)
Script: Linear B
Religion: Early Olympian
Industry: Bronze Age
Notes: Archaeological discovery by Heinrich Schliemann 1822-1890. Achaens

 New Hittite Kingdom

Start: 1400 BC
End: 1178 BC
Type: Dynasty
Note: New Kingdom
Language: Hittite (Indo-European)
Industry: Bronze Age

 Phrygia

Start: 1200 BC
End: 700 BC
Type: Dynasty

 Ancient Cyprus

Start: 1050 BC
End: 323 BC
Type: Archaeology

 House of David

Start: 1002 BC
End: 597 BC
Type: Dynasty
Religion: Abrahamic monotheism

 Neo-Assyrian Empire

Start: 911 BC
End: 609 BC
Type: Dynasty
Note: Monarchy
Capital: Assur
Language: Akkadian / Aramaic
Script: Sumerian-Akkadian Cuneiform / Aramaic Alphabet
Religion: Ahurism (Henotheist)
Industry: Iron Age
Notes: Great Library of Ashurbanipal - copies of Epic of Gilgamesh made from Sumerian versions

 Neo-Babylonian Empire

Start: 626 BC
End: 539 BC
Type: Dynasty
Note: Chaldean
Language: Akkadian, Aramaic
Religion: Babylonian

 Achaemenid Empire

Start: 559 BC
End: 330 BC
Type: Dynasty
Capital: Babylon
Language: Persian, Aramaic, Akkadian, Median, Elamite
Religion: Zoroastrianism, Babylonian

 Alexandrian Empire

Start: 359 BC
End: 323 BC
Type: Dynasty
Note: Argead Dynasty
Religion: Olympian

 Kingdom of Armenia

Start: 331 BC
End: 95 BC
Type: Dynasty
Language: Armenian

 Attalid Dynasty

Start: 282 BC
End: 133 BC
Type: Dynasty
Note: Diadochi (Alexandrian)
Notes: Kingdom of Pergamon

 Armenian Empire

Start: 95 BC
End: 0 AD
Type: Dynasty

 Roman Empire

Start: 27 BC
End: 395 AD
Type: Empire
Language: Latin
Script: Latin
Religion: Olympian, Christianity

 Eastern (Byzantine) Roman Empire

Start: 306 AD
End: 518 AD
Type: Empire
Note: Byzantine
Religion: Christianity
 
Sun disk ⌕
   
NoteOne of the 13 sun disks found in tombs in Alacahöyük
Year
Category: Sculpture
Location: 
Material: 
Collection: 
Licence:  [🡭]
Attribution: 
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[1 of 0]
 
Cypriot idol, Red Polished Ware ⌕
   
Note(2100–2000 BC). Museum zu Allerheiligen. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12649748
Year
Category: Sculpture
Location: 
Material: 
Collection: 
Licence:  CC0 1.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  By User:Helvetiker - Own work, Public Do
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[1 of 0]
Bronze Age idol ⌕
   
NoteCyprus Museum, 2400–2000 BC https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22776348
Year
Category: Sculpture
Location:  Cyprus
Material: 
Collection: 
Licence:  CC BY 3.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  By Klaus D. Peter, Wiehl, Germany
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[2 of 0]
 
Terracotta zoomorphic askos with antlers ⌕
   
NoteTerracotta zoomorphic askos (vessel) with antlers ca. 1725–1600 B.C.
Year1700 BC
Category: Pottery
Location:  Cyprus
Material: 
Collection:  New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
Licence:  CC0 1.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  New York Met
Image Note: 
Reference:  MET 74.51.795
[1 of 0]
 
 
Mask of Agamemnon ⌕
   
NoteFound at Mycenae, by Heinrich Schliemann Present location National Archaeological Museum of Athens
Year
Category: Sculpture
Location:  Mycenae
Material:  Gold
Collection: 
Licence:  [🡭]
Attribution: 
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[1 of 0]
The Lady of Phylakopi ⌕
   
NoteThe Lady of Phylakopi. Wheel-made female figurine of a goddess or priestess from West Shrine in Phylakopi. Late Helladic III A period, Phylakopi III, probably 14th century BC. Archaeological Museum of Milos, Cat. no. B 655. Discovered by Colin Renfrew, Excavations 1974-77. Image cropped.
Year
Category: Sculpture
Location: 
Material: 
Collection: 
Licence:  [🡭]
Attribution:  Zde
Image Note: 
Reference:  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
[2 of 0]
Stirrup vase with octopus design ⌕
   
Note
Year
Category: Pottery
Location:  Rhodes
Material: 
Collection:  The Louvre
Licence:  [🡭]
Attribution: 
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[3 of 0]
Gold and Silver Bull Rhyton ⌕
   
NoteSilver mycaenean vase (rhtyon) shaped as a bull head with gold horns.
Year1500 BC
Category: Sculpture
Location:  Mycenae
Material:  Silver and Gold
Collection:  National Archaeological Museum Athens
Licence:  [🡭]
Attribution: 
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[4 of 0]
 
Gold Sun goddess of Arinna Statue ⌕
   
Note
Year
Category: Sculpture
Location: 
Material:  Gold
Collection:  New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
Licence:  [🡭]
Attribution:  By PHGCOM - self-made, photographed at the Metropolitan Museum o
Image Note: 
Reference:  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3064127
[1 of 0]
 
 
Terracotta figure of helmeted horse and rider ⌕
   
NoteCYPRUS 750BC-600BC
Year750 BC
Category: Pottery
Location:  Cyprus
Material:  Terracotta
Collection:  The British Museum
Licence:  CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  British Museum
Image Note:  background cropped
Reference:  BM 1876,0909.95
[1 of 0]
Terracotta figure of horse and rider ⌕
   
Note
Year
Category: Pottery
Location:  Cyprus
Material:  Terracotta
Collection:  The British Museum
Licence:  CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  British Museum
Image Note:  background cropped
Reference:  BM 1870,0315.17
[2 of 0]
Pottery Figure of Shield Bearer ⌕
   
NoteCypro-Archaic I
Year
Category: Pottery
Location:  Cyprus
Material: 
Collection:  New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
Licence:  CC0 1.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  New York Met
Image Note: 
Reference:  MET 74.51.1655
[3 of 0]
Warrior statuette ⌕
   
NotePottery figure / figurine of a male figure, probably a warrior. Cypro-Archaic I
Year
Category: Pottery
Location:  Cyprus
Material:  Terracotta
Collection:  New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
Licence:  CC0 1.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  New York Met
Image Note: 
Reference:  MET 74.51.1614
[4 of 0]
Terracotta statuette of a male flute-player ⌕
   
NoteCypro-Archaic I
Year
Category: Pottery
Location:  Cyprus
Material:  Terracotta
Collection:  New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
Licence:  CC0 1.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  New York Met
Image Note: 
Reference:  MET 74.51.1691
[5 of 0]
Gorgoneion Gold pendant ⌕
   
NoteGorgoneion (Gorgon face), Classical Period
Year
Category: Sculpture
Location:  Cyprus
Material:  Gold
Collection:  New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
Licence:  CC0 1.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  New York Met
Image Note: 
Reference:  MET 74.51.3397b
[6 of 0]
 
 
Gypsum mace head ⌕
   
NoteWith cuneiform script. Found at Kidmuri
Year
Category: Tool
Location: 
Material: 
Collection:  The British Museum
Licence:  CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  British Museum
Image Note:  background cropped
Reference: 
[1 of 0]
Carved Head ⌕
   
NoteIvory head of a woman: with long hair and wearing a necklace with four rows of beads. She wears a headband or diadem, knotted at the back, consisting of alternating flowers and discs linked together. (BM) Nimrud
Year
Category: Sculpture
Location: 
Material:  Ivory
Collection:  The British Museum
Licence:  CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  British Museum
Image Note:  background cropped
Reference:  118234
[2 of 0]
Stele of Ashurbanipal ⌕
   
NoteThe king carrying a basket on his head
Year660 BC
Category: Sculpture
Location:  Babylon
Material: 
Collection:  The British Museum
Licence:  CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  British Museum
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[3 of 0]
Nimrud Sphynx ⌕
   
Note
Year
Category: Sculpture
Location: 
Material: 
Collection:  New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
Licence:  CC0 1.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  New York Met
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[4 of 0]
Barrel cylinder ⌕
   
NoteFrom Library of Ashurbanipal. Sargon II. Akkadian cuneiform acript. Found: Khorsabad
Year
Category: Writing
Location: 
Material:  Clay
Collection:  The British Museum
Licence:  CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  British Museum
Image Note:  background cropped
Reference:  22505
[5 of 0]
Human-headed winged bull ⌕
   
NoteLamassu. Relief from the m wall, k door, of king Sargon IIs palace at Dur Sharrukin in Assyria (now Khorsabad in Iraq)(wikipedia)
Year716 BC
Category: Sculpture
Location: 
Material: 
Collection:  The Louvre
Licence:  [🡭]
Attribution: 
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[6 of 0]
 
Lion head ⌕
   
NoteFrom Hasanlu
Year
Category: Sculpture
Location: 
Material: 
Collection:  New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
Licence:  [🡭]
Attribution: 
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[1 of 0]
Nabonidus Cylinder ⌕
   
NoteTerracotta cylinder by Nabonidus concerning repairs on the temple of Sîn (wikipedia)
Year556 BC
Category: Sculpture
Location: 
Material: 
Collection:  The British Museum
Licence:  CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  British Museum
Image Note:  background cropped
Reference: 
[2 of 0]
Etemenanki Ziggurat ⌕
   
NoteThe Babylonian ziggurat (aka tower of Babel) re-built by Nebuchadnezzar II. Temple to the God Marduk.
Year600 BC
Category: Architecture
Location:  Babylon
Material: 
Collection: 
Licence:  [🡭]
Attribution: 
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[3 of 0]
 
Gold lion-griffin plaque ⌕
   
Note
Year
Category: Sculpture
Location: 
Material:  Gold
Collection:  New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
Licence:  CC0 1.0 [🡭]
Attribution:  New York Met
Image Note: 
Reference:  54.3.2
[1 of 0]
Gold ram rhyton ⌕
   
NoteNational Museum of Iran
Year
Category: Sculpture
Location:  Ecbatana
Material:  Gold
Collection: 
Licence:  [🡭]
Attribution: 
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[2 of 0]
Golden drinking vessel ⌕
   
NoteThe Hyrcanian Golden cup. Dated first half of first millennium. Excavated at Kalardasht in Mazandaran.
Year
Category: Ornament
Location: 
Material:  Gold
Collection: 
Licence:  [🡭]
Attribution: 
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[3 of 0]
 
 
 
 
 
Temple of Trajan ⌕
   
Noteat Pergamon,Asia Minor. Built by Hadrian
Year
Category: Architecture
Location: 
Material: 
Collection: 
Licence:  [🡭]
Attribution: 
Image Note: 
Reference: 
[1 of 0]